运输能力柔性约束的供应链Pareto优化策略

Pareto Optimization Tactic in Supply Chain with Constraint of the Flexibility of Delivery Capacity

针对单位产品运输成本对批量敏感并由生产商负责产品运输的情况,建立了供需双方在分散决策和集中决策情形下的最佳批量模型。分析结果表明运输能力柔性越强,生产商的最佳生产批量越小,与批发商要求的短周期、小批量订货越接近,从而在不增加成本的情况下,生产商能够对批发商的需求快速响应。且当运输能力非完全柔性时,生产商可以通过降低产品转让价格改让批发商负责产品运输,以使批发商在分散决策情形下的最佳订货批量更接近于生产商的最佳生产批量和供应链在集中决策情形下的订货批量,从而在供需方双赢的前提下实现整个供应链的利益优化。

Considering a supply chain with a manufacturer and a wholesaler, we assume the freight cost of unit product is sensitive to lot-size and the manufacturer is responsible for products delivery, the optimal lot-size models in decentralized decision and centralized decision are presented. The analytical result shows that the more flexible the delivery capacity is, the smaller the optimal manufacturing lot-size is, which is in accordance with short ordering lead time and few lotsize that claimed by the wholesaler. Therefore, the manufacturer can rapidly respond to the demand of the wholesaler under the condition that the total cost is invariable. Moreover, when the delivery capacity is not completely flexihile, the manufacturer may suggest the wholesaler to undertake products delivery through reducing transfer price so as to make the optimal ordering lotsize of the wholesaler in decentralized decision closer to both the optimal manufacturing lot-size of the manufacturer and the ordering lot-size of the supply chain in centralized decision, which may benefit the whole supply chain since the manufacturer and the wholesaler can obtain a win-win solution.