地震电磁前兆研究进展

Seismo-electromagnetism precursor research progress

强震前存在地震电磁异常现象已被大量强震震例所证实,在我国地震电磁前兆已成为地震短临预测的有效手段。地震电磁短临前兆主要包括:地磁场、地电场、电磁辐射、电离层、高能粒子等与地震孕育发生有关的各种异常现象。地震短临电磁前兆及其机理极为复杂,有来自震源信息的局部性前兆,有来自震源所在的区域应力场构造前兆以及与孕震立体环境有关的大尺度动态前兆。孕震过程中产生的电磁效应及其相关现象,通过化学途径、声学途径、电磁途径向空中传播,研究岩石圈—大气层—电离层耦合现象,有利于进一步加深对地震电磁前兆及其机理的认识。发射地震电磁卫星形成天地一体化的监测体系,将促进地震电磁科学研究和地震预测领域的发展。

The seismo electromagnetic abnormal phenomena occur before the strong earthquakes have been proved byalot of earthquake cases. The seismo-electromagnetic precursors have been considered as an effective means of the short term and imminent earthquake prediction. The short-term and imminent seismo-electromagnetic precursors mainly contain the different abnormal phenomena： geomagnetic field, geoelectic field, electromagnetic radiation, ionosphere, energetic particle, etc, which are related with the earthquake preparation and occurrence. The shortterm and imminent seismo-electromagnet precursors and the mechanism are very complicated. Some locality precursor derives from hypocentral information. Some tectonic precursor derives form the stress field including hypocentral region and the large-scale dynamic precursor is related with the seismogenic process stereo environment. The electromagnetic effects and correlative phenomena generating in seismogenic process, spread to sky by the chemistry way, acoustics way, electromagnetism way. Studying the coupling of lithosphere, aerosphere and ionosphere, advantages to further understand the seismo-electromagnetic precursor and the mechanism. Launching the seismo-electromagnetic satellite will develop the space-ground monitor system, and will advance the development in seismo-electromagnetism research and the earthquake prediction field.