试论矿产地质勘查的基本特点

The Basic Characteristic of Mineral Resources and Geological Prospecting

勘查劳动和资本投入是认识矿产资源、提供可供开采矿床的基本途径。随着全球性找矿工作程度的提高,勘查劳动和资本投入将逐渐演变为认识和获取矿产资源的唯一途径。勘查投入具有持续性、长期性、高投入、高收益性和高风险性、正外部性,勘探成果具有低流动性、非均衡性,地质勘查竞争具有非充分性,矿产发现的难度具有递增性。上述特点决定了勘探企业的盈利模式应当是勘探和开采的一体化,勘探企业应当采用股权融资。国家可以扩大探矿权的供给。

With the improvement of extent of global prospecting,prospecting activities and capital investment will gradually evolve into the only way for cognition and acquisition of mineral resources.The paper argues that prospecting investment has the characteristic of persistence,protracted nature,high investment,high income and high risk;while the prospecting achievement has low flow,unequalization;the competition of geological prospecting has insufficient; and the difficulty of discovering mineral resources has a progressive increase. On the above characteristics,the paper points out that the mode of profit of prospecting enterprises should be prospecting and exploitation integration;the prospecting enterprises should adopt equity financing and the state can supply broad mineral prospecting rights.