脂筏在病毒感染中的作用

Role of Lipid Rafts in Viruses Entry and Assembly

脂筏是细胞膜上富含鞘脂和胆固醇的微区结构,广泛分布于细胞的膜系统.脂筏中含有诸多信号分子和免疫受体,在细胞的生命活动中扮演非常重要的角色.更为重要的是,脂筏为细胞表面发生的蛋白质-蛋白质和蛋白质-脂类分子间的相互作用提供了平台.研究表明,很多病毒可以利用细胞膜表面的脂筏结构介导其侵入宿主细胞,一些病毒可以借助脂筏结构完成病毒颗粒的组装和出芽.本文将综述不同类型的病毒如SV40、HIV等借助脂筏完成入侵以及流感病毒等利用脂筏完成组装和出芽的证据及机理,并概述目前研究病毒与脂筏相互作用的方法及存在的问题.深入研究脂筏在病毒感染中的作用,将有助于对病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用的理解,从而可能发现新的、有效的对抗病毒的方法.

The plasma membrane contains detergent-insoluble raft microdomain that are enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. Lipid rafts are ubiquitous in cell membrane system. There are so many signal transducer and immuno-receptors in lipid rafts whick have a central role in cellular physiological processes. Lipid rafts provide the structural platforms for numerous protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions at the cell surface. Considerable reports demonstrate that many viruses interact with lipid rafts, entry host cells, assembly and budding from host cells by hijacking lipid rafts. In this paper, we will address the mechanism of viruses such as SV40, HIV entry host cells, influenza virus assembly and budding from host cells by lipid rafts. Progress in the means by which viruses exploit rafts can promote the understanding of virus-cell interaction, and might lead to new therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate certain viral diseases.