日光温室油桃物候期与气温变化规律研究

Study on the relationship between the phenophase of Prunus persica var.nectarina Maxim cultivated in solar greenhouse and the changes of air temperature

系统研究了陕西杨凌地区1月上旬～5月中旬日光温室油桃的物候期和温度变化规律。结果表明，1月上旬当外界平均气温为2．2℃时，日光温室内的平均温度可达到10．3℃，已能满足油桃萌芽开花的需要，但地温较低（5．7～7．6℃），尚不能满足油桃根系良好生长发育的要求；1月中旬～3月中旬，日光温室内的平均气温为10．3～19．5℃，能很好满足油桃萌芽、开花、展叶、幼果膨大和新梢生长的需要；3月下旬～4月中旬，在果实硬核期，日光温室内的平均气温为20．7～27．7℃；4月中旬～5月上旬，在果实着色期和成熟期，日光温室内的平均气温为22．3～31．0℃，应注意通风降温。

The law on the phenophase cultivated in solar greenhouse and changes of temperature in Yangling,Shaanxi from the first ten days of January to the second ten days of May were systematically discussed in the article. The tests show that in the first ten days of January when the open air temperature averages at 2.2 ℃ ,the air temperature in solar greenhouse is as high as 10.3℃ ,which can meet the needs for shooting and blooming. The soil temperature in solar greenhouse in this period ,however,ranges from 5.7- 7.6℃ ,which cannot meet the need for roots＇ growing. From the second ten-day of January to the second ten-day of March,the temperature,which ranges from 10. 3-29.5℃ ,can meet the needs for shooting, blooming,leaf stretching,enlarging of baby fruit ,growing of new shoots. During the period of core harden- ing and rapid enlargement of fruit ,which falls between the third ten-day period of March to the second tenday period of April,the average air temperature in the solar greenhouse is from 20.7--27.7 ℃. During the period of coloring and ripening,which falls between the second ten-day period of April and the first ten-day period of May,the average air temperature in the solar greenhouse ranges between 22.3-31.0 ℃. Attention should be paid to ventilation and the temperature should be decreased.