论渐江的思想嬗变及对其画风的影响

On the Evolution of Jian Jiang's Thought and the Influence on His Painting Style

早年渐江的思想是“据于儒”,这一时期儒家的入世和济世的观念一直是渐江的主体精神状态,儒家思想对于渐江绘画的影响是显而易见的。明亡前后渐江处于“据于老、依于儒”的精神状态,而“逃禅”前后的渐江,思想中又参杂着道、儒、佛的成分。他晚年的总体思想状态是“据于佛,依于老,游于儒”。渐江思想的这种嬗变,对于形成和强化他冷、寂的山水画风是极为重要的,甚至可以说是一种决定性的因素。终其一生,儒家思想的因素或隐或现地存在于渐江的思想和绘画当中,其绘画美学精神也符合儒家“文质彬彬”的要求。

From the threads of the evolution of Jian Jiang＇ s thought, this article analyses the influence of Jian Jiang＇ s ＂Tao Can＂（ escape Buddha） on his thought and the influence of the evolution on his landscape paint- ings. This article believes that, in his early times, his thought belonged to ＂Ju Yu Ru＂ （according to Confu- cian）. At that time the Confucianism of going to society and relieving the people remained his principal state of mind. The influence of Confucianism on his paintings was obvious. Around the period of the perdition of the Ming Dynasty, the state of mind of Jian was that of ＂Ju Yu Lao and Yi Yu Ru＂ （ according to Laozi and depending on Confucianism）. Around the period of his ＂Tao Can＂, Jian＇s thought was mixed with Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism. The general state of Jian＇ s mind was ＂according to Buddha, depending on Laozi and floating in Confucian＂. The evolution of Jian＇ s thought was an important, even crucial factor for forming and strengthening his cold and quiet painting styles. This article also believes that through Jian＇ s entire life there were factors of the Confucian thought in his mind and paintings. The esthetics spirit of Jian＇ s painting was also conformed to the ＂gentle＂ request of Confucianism.