玉米化学诱变材料利用研究I.F_1杂种品质性状的杂种优势表现

Studies on Maize(Zea Mays L.) Mutants Ⅰ.Heterosis for Quality Traits of Hybrid F_1

以4个常用自交系作母本,5个经过EMS化学诱变处理并经多代自交纯合的材料作父本,按NCII设计配成20个杂交种,研究了其中3个品质性状的杂种优势表现。结果表明:①杂交种在脂肪含量上的平均表现介于雌亲平均数和雄亲平均数之间;在淀粉含量上既低于雌亲平均数又低于雄亲平均数;在蛋白质含量上既高于雌亲平均数又高于雄亲平均数;②离中优势较为普遍,有53.3%的性状-组合存在显著的离中优势,尤其是蛋白质含量,离中优势显著的组合达85%;③有18.3%的性状-组合存在显著的超高亲优势,有11.7%的性状-组合存在显著的超低亲优势;④在蛋白质含量上,材料M04003、M04008、M04010所配制的组合几乎都表现出超亲优势,为较好组合。

Four inbred lines and 5 materials were chosen from the mutant population induced by EMS, and their 20 hybrids, were used to investigate the heterosis of 3 maize quality characters, including oil content（OC）, protein content（PC）, starch content（SC）. The results showed： the average performance of the hybrid traits was between means of the female and male parents for the traits of OC, and less than parental means for SC, and over both parental means for PC. The heterosis from mid-parent value, Hm, was performed in most crosses and the significant crosses accounted for 53.3% of total crosses, especially for PC, the significant nm existed in 85% crosses. The heterosis over higher-parent, Hh, was statistically significant only in 18.3% of crosses on average. 11.7% crosses performed the significant heterosis less lower-parent. The significant heterosis over higher-parent or less lower-parent was manifested in the crosses of M04003, M04008, M04010 for the traits of PC, these crosses were preferable.