长期定位施肥对玉米肥料利用率影响的研究

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency on Maize in Fluvo-aquic Soil

通过14年10个不同施肥方式在玉米品种郑单8号上的长期定位试验,结果表明:在施氮量相同的情况下,前茬施用有机肥或秸秆还田的处理玉米肥料利用率最高,分别为42%、40%、40%、99.3%和95.6%,比前茬施化肥的处理分别高17.6%～23.5%、25%、46%～52%。没有N、P配合的其他化肥处理N、NK、PK对肥料的利用率均最低。肥料用量愈大,肥料利用率愈低,MNPK处理N、P、K的平均当季利用率分别是1.5MNPK处理的1.2倍、1.4倍、1.3倍。磷肥的当季利用率与氮肥利用率大小基本相等,但14年一直有累加效应。磷肥利用率大小顺序为SNPK=MNPK>NPK>1.5MNPK>NP>PK。钾肥利用率大小顺序为SNPK>MNPK>1.5MNPK>NPK>PK>NK。

14-year-Long-term fertilization experiments in alluvial soil were started in research farm in Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.We evaluated 9 treatments comprised of various fertilization including fertilizers, manure, maize straw on fertilizer utilization efficiency（FUE） in wheat-maize rotation. The results showed that at the same amount of applied fertilzers, the FUE of maize were the highest, 42%, 40%, 40%, 99.3% and 95.6% respectively in manure and maize strew applied in prior season. In other fertilization treatments without nitrogen and phosphate combination, the FUE were very low. With the increasing of the amount of manure and fertilizer applied, the FUE decreased. The NFUE, PFUE and KFUE in 1.SMNPK treatment were 1.2, 1.4 and 1.3 times of that in MNPK treatment. The PFUE was same as the NFUE in MNPK, SNPK, NPK treatments, accumulated during 14 years. The order of PFUE was： SNPK=MNPK〉NPK〉1.5MNPK〉NP〉PK. The order of KFUE was： SNPK〉MNPK〉1.5MNPK〉 NPK〉PK〉NK.