长江安庆江段鱼类调查及物种多样性初步研究

Ichthyologic survey and primary studies on diversity of fishery species in Anqing section of the Yangtze River

对1990-2004年长江安庆江段鱼类及物种多样性进行了调查研究．该江段共有鱼类46种,分别隶属于9目14科．按迁徙习性可分为江湖半洄游性鱼类、洄游性鱼类、河口鱼类和定居性鱼类4大类型．小型定居性鱼类占优势,群落优势种为黄颡鱼、鲫、鲶、鲤．多样性特征值年间平均指标为:Margalef指数(R)1．54,Wilhm改进指数(H(?))2．14,McNaughton指数(Dw)0．44,Pielou指数(J’)0．75．经济鱼类趋于小型化,四大家鱼资源不容乐观．必须从根本上降低对长江的捕捞压力．

Ichthyologic survey and primary studies on diversity of fishery species in Anqing section of the Yangtze River were carried out during 1990 - 2004. Fishes of 9 orders, 14 families and 46 species were collected in this area. There were four ecological types. They were semi-migrated fishes between the Yangtze River and lakes, migrated fishes between the Yangtze River and the sea, estuarine fishes and resident fishes. Most of the fishes were smallsized and resident. Dominant species were yellow catfish, crucian, catfish and common carp. The diversity indexes from 1990 to 2004 were analysed that Margalef g index was 1.54, Wilhmg index 2.14 , McNaughtong index 0.44 and Pieloug index 0.75. Economical fishes had a trend to be small and the rescoures status of the four major Chinese carp were worring. Intensity of fishing must be reduced in the Yangtze River.