我国民事调解制度的法律性质及其完善

The Nature of Court Mediation Agreement

民事调解制度虽然存在于民事诉讼过程中,但属于非讼程序。私权自治、审判效益和司法文明的要求,促使民事诉讼契约化。民事调解协议本质上是一种诉讼契约,法院承担公证的角色。应从以下几个方面完善我国民事调解程序:单独设置调解机构和调解主持法官;合理设置调解员选任程序、回避程序和参加庭审程序;采用签字生效制度;合理界定达成调解协议的标准。

Court mediation is noncontentious proceedings. Civil litigation contracts have been substituted some mandatory procedure because of selfgoverning of private rights, judicial benefit and judicial civilization. Court mediation agreement is in nature a kind of notarized contracts by court in action. Some aspects are to be improved： the agencies with own judges solely for court mediation should be instituted; the procedure about choice of the mediators, challenge and hearing should be established reasonably. Court mediation agreement should come into force after signing and the criterion of court mediation should be reasonable.