西方批评中关于诗的本质结构的认识进程

Development of Knowledge in the Ontological Structure of the Western Poetry

诗的内在结构决定了诗之为诗的本质意义。从柏拉图到卡勒,西方批评界对诗歌本质结构进行了漫长而深入的探索。20世纪之前人们对诗歌“思想”、“内容”和“情感”的外在功能结构给予了过多的思考,从19世纪末开始,结构主义、俄国形式主义和英美新批评派着眼于诗歌作品本身,最后的卡勒站到了在两种极端的中心点,把读者的接受因素引入对诗的本质结构的把握。但从历史的文化惯性而言,西方人似乎更愿意享受端坐高跷板的快感。

The internal structure of poetry determines the ontological significance of poetry, on which the western criticism has explored for a long time from Plato to Culler. Idea, subject and emotion were given much thought to before 20 century. Objective criticism of poetry itself has prevailed since 19 century in Structuralism, Russian Formalism and Anglo-American New Criticism. It＇s Culler who balances the two extremes by inducting the response of readers into the mastery of the structure of poetry, although the Westerns are more likely to sit on the seesaw because of cultural convention.