珠穆朗玛峰绒布冰川水文过程初步研究

A Study of Hydrological Process around Rongbuk Glacier,Mt.Qomolangma

2005年4月8日至10月11日对珠峰地区绒布河水文过程进行了连续6个多月的观测. 结果表明： 该地区的水文过程与温度有较好的相关性, 6～8月3个月流量约占观测期内总流量的80%. 对比该地区1959年和2005年的水文观测数据, 发现2005年同期总径流量比1959年有较大幅度增加, 6～8月3个月月均流量2005年较1959年分别增加69%、 35%、 14%. 分析冰芯恢复的降水量资料和珠峰附近长时间序列气象数据, 降水自1950年以来保持下降趋势, 而气温却呈缓慢升高. 气温升高是径流量增大的关键因素. 2005年观测期内控制流域径流深为622 mm, 径流模数为38.52 L·s^-1·km^-2.

From April to October in 2005, hydrological observation of the Rongbuk catchment was carried out in Mr. Qomolangma （Mt. Evereast） region. The results are as follows： daily discharge in ablation period has a good correlation with temperature. The runoff from June to August is about 80% of the total runoff in the observation period. Comparing with the hydrological data in 1959, the runoff in the same months in 2005 was much more and the runoff in June, July and August increased by 69%, 35% and 14%, respectively; the runoff depth was 622 mm and the runoff modulus was 38.52 L·s^-1·km^-2. The precipitation derived from the Rongbuk glacier ice core and the meteorological station in Tingri near Mt. Qomolangma has shown a decreasing trend since the 1950s while temperature has risen slowly. Temperature rising is a major factor causing the runoff increasing.