油藏厌氧微生物研究进展

Recent Advances in Anaerobic Microbiology of Petroleum Reservoirs

地下深层油藏是独特的缺氧环境,目前还没有直接的微生物学证据表明油藏中存在真正意义上的“本源微生物”,但经注水开发后的油藏中确实蕴藏着复杂的微生物区系.油藏性质决定了油藏厌氧微生物特殊的群落结构,而油藏微生物的作用也可以改变油藏的理化及地质学特性.油藏中厌氧微生物按生理类群主要可分为发酵细菌、硝酸盐还原菌、铁还原菌、硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷古菌.本文综述了国内外近年来油藏微生物学的研究进展,简述了微生物分子生态学在油藏微生物学研究中的应用,并对当前的研究提出了一些思考.

Petroleum reservoirs are always found under anaerobic environmental conditions and there is not direct microbial evidence whether indigenous microbes survive in deep subsurface petroleum reservoirs or not, but there are various microbes in water -flooded petroleum reservoirs that are found and categorized into fermentative bacteria, nitrate -reducing bacteria, iron -reducing bacteria, sulphate -reducing bacteria, methanogenic archaea. The diversity of petroleum microorganisms depend on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of the petroleum reservoirs, but they also affect this special environment. The current knowledge about these bacteria and the application of molecular methods in microbiology of petroleum reservoirs is reviewed. Also, some suggestions towards further research on microbiology of petroleum reservoirs are given in this paper.