对生命流逝和意义的思考——里尔克诗歌解读

Reflections on Lapse of Time

奥地利诗人里尔克诗集中有不少直接以死为题的诗,表现了西方人对死亡的热切关注。但不同的是,里尔克并不仅仅沉醉在死或夜的审美意境中,他认为,对死亡的恐惧和悲哀,乃是生命意志对命运的不屈抗争;在死亡的角度上反思生命的意义,死亡在大自然和人类恒新恒异的发展进程中显示了真和善的积极意义;孤独的生命现象又不可能是真正孤独的,它是在一种看似寂寞的生命当中体现出广阔而普遍的精神。面对死亡向人类展开的全部艰涩和困顿,里尔克阐明了他智性的哲学思考。

Death finds its place in many of the poems of Austrian poet PLainer Maria Rilke,indicating that in the West,death is a topic of public attention. What tells Rilke apart is that he did not just indulge in the artistic conception of death or night. To him, both the fear of and the lament over death is the unyielding opposition of life to the arrangement of fate ; reflecting on the meaning of life from the perspective of death, death has a positive meaning in the process of development and evolution of humanity and nature; it is impossible for the lonely life to be utterly alone, it embodies in the seemingly lonesome life something general or universal. Faced with death, the number one threat and puzzle of humanity, Rilke showed his wisdom through his philosophical speculations.