小麦抗逆育种几个抗旱性状及主要农艺性状的遗传研究

The Hereditary Study of Some Drought-Resistance Characters and Major Agronomic Characters of Winter Wheat Growing on Dry land

本文采用不完全双列杂交对旱地冬小麦Ｆ１代的抗旱性状和主要农艺性状进行配合力遗传效应及遗传规律的研究。结果表明，旱地冬小麦的３个抗旱性状和４个农艺性状一般配合力及特殊配合力方差均达显著或极显著水准，且多数性状一般配合力方差大于特殊配合力方差，以加性效应为主；其广义、狭义遗传力较高，宜早代进行选择。研究亦表明，各性状正向优势强弱及正向越亲优势力株高＞德基节≥千粒重≥抽穗度＞穗粒重＞单株数，７个性状在Ｆ１代中皆为部分显性遗传。Ｆ１代的株高、穗茎节长、就粒重、个粒重、抽穗度与双亲平均值里极显著正相关，故可根据双亲平均值预测Ｆ１代的表现，提高亲本选配的预见性。

Appling incomplete diallel crossing design, we mainly discuss the genetic effects of combining ability of some characters and their genetic principles in F1 generation of winter wheat growing on dry land. The characters include three drought-resistance characters and four agronomic characters. The results show that the variance differences reach the significant or most signifcant level for both general and special combining ability of the seven characters, and the variances of general combining ability which most characters are larger than that of special combining ability, it shows that the additive effect is more important. They have higher broad and narrow hereditary ability So they can be selected in earlier generation. The results also show that the order of positive superiority of some charaeters is:plant height>length of ear stem≥1000 grain weight≥heading degree>grain weight per ear>ear number per plant. The performance of F1 heterosis of seven characters haveinher itance of partial dominance. Plant height. length of ear stem. 1000 grain weight and heading degree in F1 generation are most significant positive correlation with the average value of two parents. So we can predicte the performance of F1 generation according to the average value of two parents of F1 generation according to the average value of two parents and improve the prophecy of selecting or combining parents.