用生物测试评价臭氧-生物活性炭净水工艺

Using a battery of bioassays for assessing ozone-biological activated carbon process in drinking water treatment

设计了一组基于生物标记物的生物测试方法,并用于评价南方某水厂臭氧-生物活性炭中试工艺对水中痕量有机有毒污染物的去除效果.测试方法包括检测类雌激素效应物质的重组基因酵母试验,检测遗传毒性物质的SOS/umu试验和检测芳烃（Ah）受体效应物质的EROD试验.研究表明,仅在水库原水中存在很低浓度水平的间接遗传毒性物质,水处理各工艺出水均为阴性.工艺对类雌激素效应物质和Ah受体效应物质的去除率分别为91.3%和90.6%,主要在臭氧工艺段得到有效去除.采用成组生物标记物方法可以对饮用水中的痕量有机污染物进行毒性筛选或测试,适用于对水处理工艺的风险评价.

A battery of bioassays, induding the recombinant gene yeast assay, the SOS/umu test, and the EROD test, were used to evaluate the efficiency of removing estrogenic substances, genotoxic substances and Ah-receptor agonists of the ozone-biological activated carbon treatment process. The results show that estrogenic chemicals, indirect genotoxic substances, and Ah-receptor agonists exist in a very small amount in the source water samples. The process is efficient for removal of toxic organic substances, such as estrogenic substances and Ah-receptor agonists, and the removal efficiencies are 91.3% and 90.6%, respectively. Ozonation is the most effective technology to remove estrogenic substances and Ahreceptor agonists. Combinations of different bioassays based on biomarkers should be a promising tool for screening evaluation of toxicity in drinking water, especially for assessing the complex matrixes containing known and unknown toxic micro-pollutants.