美国的中国通与20世纪60年代初到70年代初的美中关系

China Hands and Their Roles in Sino-US Relations between the Early 1960s and Early 1970s

研究冷战时期的中美关系,不容忽视的是对美国中国通命运和作用的研究。在20世纪60—70年代初,中美关系进入了一个新的转折时期,美国的中国通的命运也有了改变。中国通在肯尼迪时期开始回到美国国务院任职;学术界的中国通也通过在约翰逊时期的“富布赖特听证会”作证、组织非政府组织和出版中国问题研究的专著等不同方式,教育公众和政要、影响舆论和新闻界,最终促使美国政府改变对华政策。

Studies on Sino-US relations in the Cold War period cannot neglect the destiny and role of the China hands in the States. Between the early 1960s and early 1970s, Sino-US relations came to a turning point and thus the destiny and roles of those China hands started to change. They returned to work in the State Department during the Kennedy Administration. The China hands from the academic circle gave testimonies in the Fulbright Hearings on US China policy, established non-governmental organizations and published books on China so as to educate the public and politicians, to influence the public opinions and media, and finally to push the U.S. government to change its policy toward China.