对人工影响天气若干问题的探讨

Discussions on Some Weather Modification Issues

自然降水过程一般分为成云和降水形成两个阶段,人工影响虽然可能在降水形成阶段起某些作用,但最终决定降水的因子还是使云产生的抬升运动和被抬升气块中的水汽含量。人工增雨作业部位和时机的选择主要取决于是否有利于云产生抬升运动。因此,在加强云宏、微观条件观测的同时,要特别加强对抬升运动和被抬升气块中水汽含量的观测,而且相应的云降水数值模拟工作也要考虑能反映降水系统的动力场和水汽场模拟能力。

Natural precipitation process can be divided into two stages, i.e. , cloud formation stage and precipitation formation stage. Although weather modification can affect the precipitation formation stage, the key factors dominating rainfall are the lifting movement which induces cloud formation and the water vapor content in the lifting air mass. Choice on the cloud seeding location and time in weather modification depends on if the operation can benefit the lifting movement. Thus, as measurements of macro- and micro-physics conditions are strengthened, measurements on the lifting movement and the water vapor in the lifting air mass should be greatly strengthened as well. At the same time, numerical simulation research should consider dynamic fields and water vapor fields, which control the development of the rainfall system.