天然高分子吸水材料的制备工艺与性能评价

Preparation and performance of natural high polymer absorbing water material

以天然薯粉为基本原料,采用直接聚合法和反相悬乳法两种不同方式,研究了淀粉接枝丙烯酸制备高吸水材料的工艺条件及产品性能,探讨了接枝剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、反应温度、反应时间等对产品吸水性能的影响,评价了不同方法制备所得吸水材料对淡、盐、肥水的吸水速率、吸水量、保水率和重复使用性能.研究结果表明,直接聚合法在简化工艺、降低成本等方面有明显优势,可制得吸水量约410 g/g,吸盐水量约40 g/g,吸肥水量约49 g/g,且可多次重复使用的产品,具有广泛的工农业和市场应用前景.

This study focuses on preparation and performance of water absorbing material made by starch graft acryl acid using natural starch and adopting two kinds of different ways. Effect of pharmaceutical consumption, acrylic acid neutralization degree, reaction temperature and time on water absorbing property were discussed and properties of materials prepared by different ways were evaluated, incldng absorption rate to fresh water, salt water, and manure water, water absorption, retention rate and repeatability. Results show that polymerization method is easier and low cost with the material having water absorption of 410 g/g, salt water absorption 40 g/g, manure water absorption 49 g/g and reusable property, which can be widely used in industrial and ag- ricultural field.