明清山东方言三身代词的组合式称谓

Compound Pronouns of Shandong Dialect in Ming and Qing Periods

汉语三身代词发展到明清时期,与社会交际需要之间仍存在很大差距:一方面,社会交际中人与人之间存在着上下尊卑关系;另一方面,汉语三身代词在敬称、谦称、傲称、蔑称的表达以及性别差异标记等方面都有明显的缺位。于是三身代词与其它称谓形式组合使用便成为一种不可或缺的补偿性手段,这种手段可准确地表明人的社会地位、充分展现使用者的心理状态。

There was still a gap between titles and social communicative customs in Ming and Qing periods. On the one hand, people＇s social status were different; on the other hand, titles of Chinese had absences in expressing respect, humbleness, arrogance, contempt as well as gender, Therefore, it is an indispensable compensating development that people combined compound pronouns with other appellations to reveal clearly people＇s social status, the speakers＇ feelings and attitudes.