论大慧宗杲批评默照禅的真相

On Da Hui Zong Gao’s Animadversion on Mo Zhao Zen

宋代临济禅师大慧宗杲曾经猛烈批评当时的“默照禅”,研究者多认为是针对曹洞宗的真歇清了、宏智正觉及其默照禅,笔者考察这是误解。从禅法的角度,宗杲所批的默照禅与真歇、宏智的默照禅根本不同;从宗杲与真歇、宏智彼此关系的角度,宗杲对二人的评价很高,并称赞了他们的悟境和禅法。在宗杲看来,其所批评的是类于“二乘”的“禅病”。对该“病”不仅宗杲给与了批评,真歇清了、宏智正觉也作过批评。

Da Hui Zong Gao,a Sung Buddhist monk of Lin Ji, animadverted the Mo Zhao Zen. The researchers thought that his animadversion aimed at Zhen Xie Qing Liao and Hong Zhi Zheng Jue and their Mo Zhao-Zen. According to my investigation, this was a misunderstanding. The Zen that Zon Gao animadverted differs from the Zen of Zhen Xie Qing Liao and Hong Zhi Zheng Jue. Zong Gao evaluated them and praised their realm of thought. In Zong Gao＇ s eyes, what he criticized was a kind of disease that was similar to the disease of Er Cheng. To that ＂disease＂, not only Zong Gao animadverted, Zhen Xie Qing Liao and Hong Zhi Zheng Jue animadverted too.