摘要
本文综述了硫丹的环境毒理研究进展。硫丹是一种有机氯杀虫剂,它由α和β两种异构体组成。硫丹对大鼠急性经口 LD_(50)为80～110mg/kg,属中等毒性,没有发现其具有致癌、致畸和致突变作用。硫丹不易产生生物蓄积,也不会持久性地存在于生物组织中。它对某些水生生物,特别是鱼类的毒性较大,对蜜蜂和鸟类具有中等毒性。硫丹两异构体及其有毒代谢物——硫丹硫酸盐可以用乙腈、丙酮等溶剂提取,经氟罗里硅土柱层析净化后用气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定。硫丹在环境中易发生生物和非生物降解,残留期较短,这一点明显区别于其他有机氯杀虫剂。其降解产物主要有硫丹硫酸盐、硫丹二醇、硫丹醚、α-羟基硫丹醚和硫丹内酯等。
A review of the study on environmental toxicology of endosulfan is presented here.En- dosulfan is one kind of the organochlorine insecticides with a mixture of two steroisomers,α- and β-endosulfan.The acute oral LD_(50) of endosulfan for rats is 80 to 110 mg/kg,so it be- longs to moderate toxicity.So for,it has not been found that it has a potential of cancero- genicity,teratogenicity and mutagenicity for mammals.Endosulfan can not be accumulated by organisms.It is not persistent in the organism bodies.It is highly toxic to some kinds of aquatic organisms,especially to fish.It is moderately toxic to bees and birds.Endosulfan and its toxic metabolite-endosulfan sulfate can be extracted from samples with acetontrile or acetone and so on,then cleaned up by column chromatography of florisil,and then deter- mined with GLC-ECD.Endosulfan is often degradated through chemical degradation or biochemical degradation.The residue time of endosulfan is shorter than that of other organochlorine insecticides which were ever used.Endosulfan can be degradated to its metabolites,such as endosulfan sulfate,endosulfan diol,endosulfan ether,endosulfan-α-hy- droxyether and endosulfan laetone,etc.
关键词
硫丹
农药残留
环境毒理
endosulfan
pesticide residue
environmental toxicology
review
