穴位敷贴对变态反应性鼻炎小鼠鼻粘膜病理学变化的影响

Effect of Acupoint External Application of Herbal Drugs on Pathological Changes of Nasal Mucosa of Allergic Rhinitis Mice

【目的】观察穴位敷贴对变态反应性鼻炎模型小鼠鼻粘膜病理学变化的影响。【方法】60只BALB/c小鼠分为正常组、模型组、穴位敷贴组、激素组和阴性对照组。除正常组外,其他各组均以卵白蛋白进行致敏。于小鼠初次致敏第15天,穴位敷贴组小鼠以药饼(由白芥子、延胡索、细辛、甘遂、苍耳子等组成)敷贴背部大椎穴,激素组小鼠在卵白蛋白滴鼻前1 h腹腔注射0.1 g/L地塞米松0.5 mL/只,阴性对照组小鼠用纸团代替药物进行穴位敷贴背部大椎穴,并于卵白蛋白滴鼻前1 h腹腔注射磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)0.5 mL/只,每日1次。连续治疗4周后处死小鼠取鼻粘膜,用体积分数为4%的多聚甲醛固定。常规制作石蜡切片,苏木素—伊红(HE)染色,光学显微镜下观察鼻粘膜病理变化,并计数嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞。【结果】与正常组相比,模型组EOS和嗜中性粒细胞浸润明显(P<0.05或P<0.01);穴位敷贴组小鼠鼻粘膜EOS浸润减轻,与模型组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞浸润也减轻,但二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】EOS浸润在变态反应性鼻炎的发病中起重要作用,穴位敷贴治疗主要通过减轻小鼠鼻粘膜EOS浸润,达到治疗目的。

[ Objective] To observe the effect of acupoint external application of herbal drugs on pathological changes of nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis mice. [ Methods] Sixty BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups： A （normal）, B （model）, C （treated with external application of herbal drugs on acupoints）, D （treated with dexamethasone） and E （treated with PBS）. Except group A, the mice in other groups were sensitized by ovalbumin （OVA）. On the 15^th of the first sensitization, group C received external application of medicinal disc （mainly composed of Semen Sinapis, Rhizoma Corydalis, Herba Asari , Radix Kansui, Fructus Xanthii, etc. ） on Dazhui （GV14） point, group D received intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 g/L dexamethasone （0.5 mL for each mouse） one hour before nasal dripping of OVA solution, and group E received external application of paper disc on Dazhui point and intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 g/L PBS （0.5 mL for each mouse） one hour before nasal dripping of OVA solution, qd, for 4 weeks. After treatment, the mice were executed and the nasal mucosa was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Routine paraffin slices were prepared and stained by haematoxylin and eosin. The pathological features of nasal mucosa were observed under light microscope, and eosinophil （EOS）, neutrophil and lymphocyte count was performed in different groups. [ Results] Compared to group A, the infiltration of EOS and neutrophil in nasal mucosa was obvious in group B （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）; the infiltration of EOS decreased in group C, and the difference was significant （ P 〈 0.05 compared with group B） but the difference of neutrophil and lymphocyte was insignificant （ P 〉 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] The infiltration of EOS in nasal mucosa plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and the decrease of EOS infiltration may be one of the therapeutic mechanism of external application of herbal drugs on acupoints for allergic rhinitis.