黄土高原区煤矿排土场复垦及区域生态恢复示范工程

Ecological Restoration of Coal Mining field in Loess Plain

黄土高原区资源开发后的生态恢复问题是该区城生态环境中亟待解决的重要问题，以内蒙古准格尔露天矿排土场土地复垦及区域环境生态恢复示范工程为实例，研究了在黄土高原资源开发区搞生态恢复工程的技术、方法和效果。研究结果表明，该生态恢复的技术关键是在必要的土地处理和工程措施基础上，选择适宜的植物种类，依不同的立地条件和功能划分，建立与之适应的生态结构模式。该研究中选出了６０余种适宜植物种和８种适宜生态结构类型，使其植被盖度从零增至７０％以上，农业复垦粮食产量均超过当地水平。各种经济植物的合理配置不但产生了良好的生态效益，且经济效益非常显著，为同类型研究和推广提供了理论和实际应用依据。

This paper reports the resuhs of an ecological restoration project in the Zhunger open'cut coal mining field in inner Mongolia. The deaign, technique and effectiveness of the project are described. The resuhs showed that the key points for ecological restoraton in the Loess Plain condition include: selection of suitable plant species, proper soil treatments plus necessary construction work, adapt suitable ecological planting patterns based on site conditions. More than sixty plant speCies and eight ecological planting patterns were evaluted. Over 70% plant coverage and high yields of the crops (compared with the same crops in the nearby area) were obtained. A good ecological and economical return was achieved from the project.