研究型大学在美国科技研发中的地位与作用

The role of research universities in the U.S. R&D performance

科技研发活动(R&D)在本质上促进了美国的知识创新和经济增长。研究型大学是美国科技研发,特别是基础研究的重要执行部门。美国研究型大学在数量上占全部高校的6%左右,却从联邦政府获得大部分科技研发经费,发表大量的科技论文,培养了超过60%的科学工程博士毕业生,获取超过90%的高校专利。这表明美国研究型大学的科技研发是知识生产与人才培养的良好结合,是研究型大学履行职责、服务社会的有效方式。

Research and development （R＆D） has materially contributed to the innovation and economic growth in the United States. Research universities are committed to R＆D, particularly to effective basic research. The research universities accounted for 6% of all higher education institutions, but they got the majority of federal R＆D investment and expenditure; published a large number of scientific papers; produced more than 60% of science and engineering doctoral graduates and over 90% patents of colleges and universities. These all show that R＆D in research universities is a good combination of knowledge production and talent training; also is an effective way to carry out their duties and serve the community.