群集理论在酒店应急疏散中的应用

Crowd theory applying in hotels' emergency evacuation plan

为了避免和减少火灾事故中人员密集的酒店内人员的伤亡,本文以福州某酒店为例,根据其现有的安全疏散设施建立安全疏散的数学模型,并制定火灾事故初期和非火灾事故初期两套人员疏散方案,应用群集理论对疏散时间进行计算。该疏散时间的计算结果可为星级酒店制定灾害事故初期人员安全、高效、有序的应急疏散预案提供科学依据。

After the ＂9＂ 11＂ attack in America,more and more people pay attention to human evacuation when emergency accident happens. Hotel is a place where many people and vast fortunes crowd, so people also get more attention to its qualities of safety and human evacuation system. For the sake of avoiding and reducing the degree of persons＇ casualties which is made by disaster, especially fire disaster, it is necessary to make an emergency plan of safety evacuation. This paper explains the necessity to apply the crowd theory and describes the crowd theory simply at first. Taking a hotel in Fuzhou as an example, this paper fixes the content of the evacuation plan according to the actual situations of the hotel, including people, exits, ways, area dividing, time of the evacuation. It also rivises and explains the parameters in the crowd theory at the same time. This paper sets up a mathematical model under present evacuation facilities of the hotel and establishes two human evacuation plans at the beginning of fire disaster and non - fire disaster, then applies crowd theory to calculate evacuation time. The calculated result provides scientific bases for founding a safe, highly effective and orderly planning of human evacuation at the beginning of disasters for hotel with star rating standard.