大豆皂甙生物活性的遗传毒理学研究

Analysis of the Genotoxic Activity of Soya Saponin

目的应用遗传毒理学试验,从DNA、染色体二个水平上研究大豆皂甙(soyasaponin,SS)抗诱变性。方法以人胃粘膜上皮细胞作为生物材料进行单细胞凝胶电泳试验(SCGE),选用终浓度为100μmol/L的H2O2为模型致DNA断裂剂,H2O2和SS同时处理细胞;进行人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变试验,选择浓度为0.05μg/ml的丝裂霉素C(MMC)为模型诱变物,SS终浓度设20、100、500、2000μg/ml培养液,MMC和SS同时处理细胞。结果SCGE结果显示,随加入SS浓度升高,细胞尾部积分光密度与总积分光密度比值显著下降(P<0.01),DNA迁移距离显著减少(P<0.05)。人外周血染色体畸变试验结果显示,加入500、2000μg/ml较高浓度SS条件下,细胞畸变率、染色体总畸变率均明显低于模型诱变剂组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论SS在二项不同遗传终点的体外测试中,均显示出明确抗突变作用。SS具有开发成为防治肿瘤药品和食品的广阔前景。

Objective To evaluate the genotoxic activity of soya saponin （SS） using single cell gel electrophoresis （SCGE） and chromosome aberration assay. Methods Human gastric epithelial cells were used in this study. H2O2 was used as a clastogen in SCGE analysis. The cells were treated with H202 （100 μmol/L） and various concentrations of SS （20,100,500,2 000 μg/ml）. Mitomycin C （MMC; 0.05 μg/ml） was used as a mutagen in the chromosome aberration assay of cultured human lymphocytes. Results For the SCEG, increasing in the concentration of SS resulted in a remarkably decreased （P〈0.01） in the ratios of integrated optical density in tail to integrated optical density of the cell. The tail length was also significantly reduced （P〈0.05）. In the chromosome aberration assay, SS （500,2 000 μg/ml） was found to reduce both the cell aberration rates and total chromosome aberration rates （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. The effect was not seen at a lower dose of SS. Conclusion Anti-mutagenic effect of SS was demonstrated in these two different in vitro genotoxicity assays. SS may further be developed as a chemopreventive drug.