二十世纪前期的山西乡村雇工

Farm Laborers in Shanxi Province in the Early Twentieth Century

20世纪前期山西乡村雇佣关系有较大发展,其中短工群在雇工中占有重要地位。雇工中打短工者贫农最多,其次是中农、贫民和雇农;而中农、贫农常常兼雇主与雇工的双重角色,但出雇日远多于雇入日。雇佣关系的社会构成涉及乡村社会各主要阶层,雇主和雇工双方角色并不完全固化。雇佣关系的普遍化是通过雇工身份的非固化或雇佣角色的互换性得以实现的。山西乡村社会的雇佣关系,是一种多重身份、地位和角色交叉的网型构造。对于雇工群体的时代性认识,有必要置于当时乡村社会普遍贫困化的事实中进行研究。

The hiring of labor developed strongly in the early 20~ th century in rural Shanxi Province. Short-term farm laborers constituted an important group. The greatest part of them were poor peasants, followed by middle peasants, poor farmers and farm laborers. The middle and poor peasants hired and were hired as farm laborers themselves, although the days they were hired in a year were far more than the days they hired others. As a matter of fact, almost all major social strata in the rural areas were involved in the hiring of labor, a common relationship in rural societies, and the roles and identities of employer and employee were exchangeable rather than fixed. In this regard, employment in rural society in Shanxi Province formed a network in which various identities, status and roles intertwined with each other. It is necessary to consider the farm laborer group in the context of general poverty in rural society at the time.