中国公共卫生未来的挑战与对策

The future exigency and countermeasure of public health in China

本文以社会需求理论为指导，以大量文献数据为基础，从宏观角度阐述我国２１世纪公共卫生面临的挑战，调整政策，以适应医学模式转变。将对卫生行政领导部门决策有重要参考价值，并藉此引起整个卫生部门和社会的关注。卫生部卫生统计信息中心１９９５，３癌症是一个全球性公共卫生问题，是威协人类健康元凶之一。据ＷＨＯ公布的统计资料，目前全世界癌症患者约有１４００万，每年新增病人约７００万，死亡约５００万，预计到２０００年时，癌症死亡病人将增加到８００万。在中国，现患癌症者约１８０万，每年新发生癌症患者约１２０万，估计每年死于癌症约７０万，比传染病死亡高５倍多。由于人口老龄化、居住城市化、环境污染及不良行为和不健康生活方式普遍存在，如不积极控制，到２０００年时，我国每年癌症死亡数将上升到１４０万，２０５０年时将上升到２７０万，估计在今天活着的人口中最终将有１亿左右死于癌症。脑血管病也是严重威胁健康的公共卫生问题。在我国，发病率和死亡率均高于西方国家，并呈上升趋势，患病率平均在４８０～２８０／１０万之间，死亡率在１５０～１２０／１０万之间。北方高于南方，城市高于农村。高血压、心脏病和糖尿病是脑血管病的三大致病因素。我国传染病总发病率?

It has an important practically significance that we discuses.the main difficulty,which we will be confronted,in public health in our country and look for the corresponding action we should take in the 21st century.The troubles mostly in public health are:1.The enlargement of number of population and the proportion of the aged bring out many public health matterms;2.The chronic disease and AIDS will become leading disease which threaten our citizens;3.The environmental pollution greatly deterioate the human's living condition and health; and 4.Bed behavior and poor lifestyle,especially smoking,is a chiefly killer of health.The government has played a key role of improving public health and living condition, and in the same time it is a common responsibility in country,non-government organization(NGO)and personnel.The countermeasure include:1.Speeding the shift of the model of medicine;2.Practising the healthpromotion all round;3.Persisting in the policy of 'Prevention Fisrt';4.The government intervene and improve the dispose of health resources.