现代汉语两类双及物动结式的配位方式

The valence of two kinds of Chinese ditransitive V-R compounds

本文旨在解释现代汉语"给予"和"夺去"两类双及物动结式配位方式的差别,认为两者各自概念结构之中概念成分凸显程度的对比关系不同。"夺去"类衬体比凸体凸显程度高,"给予"类凸体比衬体凸显程度高。概念成分的凸显程度与句法位置的凸显程度匹配。句法位置的凸显程度等级是,直接宾语凸显程度高于间接宾语。在双及物动结式形成的双宾语句中,"给予"类凸体和直接宾语位置匹配,衬体和间接宾语匹配,是无标记的匹配;"夺去"类衬体和间接宾语位置匹配,凸体和直接宾语匹配,是有标记的匹配,这是由"夺去"类构成双宾语句的条件导致的必然结果。概念结构的不同是造成两类动结式配位方式不对称的根本原因。

This paper investigates the distribution of two kinds of Chinese ditransitive verb-resultative complement (V-R) compound. It proposes that the conceptual constructions of the giving type and the depriving type V-R compounds are different. For the giving type, the Figure is more salient than the Ground; but for the depriving type, the situation is exactly opposite. This difference is the most important aspect that affects the distribution of Chinese ditransitive V-R compounds.