移动式自动气象站设计及其在应急气象环境监测服务中的应用

Design of Mobile AWS and Its Application to Meteorological Environment Monitoring Service for Emergency Response

随着国民经济和社会的迅速发展,突发气象灾害对社会造成的危害越来越大,建设气象灾害监测预警与应急系统工程是全面提升气象防灾减灾应急响应能力的需要。设计满足应急气象环境监测服务需求的移动式自动气象站,采集地面实时气象要素,可以为突发气象灾害以及其它环境灾害提供气象决策服务。该文介绍国外移动综合探测系统的发展概况和国内移动应急气象观测的现状,并提出满足应急气象环境观测服务需要的自动气象站技术性能要求和设计原则。移动式自动气象站在应急气象环境监测中扮演着重要角色,在气象、林业、水利、交通、环保等领域均具有广阔的应用前景。

With the development of the society and national economy, the damage caused by meteorological disasters becomes more and more serious, so it is necessary to establish a meteorological disaster monitoring and alarming system as well as an emergency management system for reducing and protecting from meteorological disasters. It is important to adopt mobile Automatic Weather Stations （AWS） to acquire surface real-time meteorological data, thus to provide meteorological services for decision makers on emergent meteorological disasters and other environmental disasters. A review is made on the development of comprehensive mobile sounding systems home and abroad as well as the current status of the mobile meteorological sounding service for emergency response in China. Some technological capabilities and design principles of AWS for satisfying the emergency-responding meteorological environment sounding service are discussed.