被动吸烟对非吸烟妇女健康影响的现况研究

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF PASSIVE SMOKING ON NO SMOKING WOMEN'S HEALTH.

目的：了解成都市非吸烟妇女被动吸烟的情况、对被动吸烟的认识及被动吸烟对其健康状况的影响,提高妇女对被动吸烟危害的认识.方法：采用分层随机抽样的方法调查成都市15岁及以上1000名非吸烟的城市女性,分析被动吸烟对其健康的影响.结果：成都市非吸烟妇女的被动吸烟率为81.4%,最早被动吸烟的年龄主要在10岁以下（52.0%）,被动吸烟的场所以家中和同时在家中、工作场所及交通工具中接触为主（49.9%）,被动吸烟的主要对象为30岁以上的已婚女士.97.0%的妇女知道香烟烟雾中的主要有害成分,98.2%的妇女认为有人在自己面前吸烟可能对自身健康产生危害,而认为吸烟者更容易导致多痰、气管炎、肺癌、哮喘的比例分别为81.4%、83.4%、79.9%、64.4%、90%以上的妇女不赞成吸烟,并采取主动措施预防被动吸烟.单因素及多因素分析均未发现被动吸烟组比非被动吸烟组患所调查疾病的危险更高（P＞0.05）,但发现被动吸烟量与疾病有一定的联系,被动吸烟量＞18（h×年）组比≤18（h×年）组患慢性支气管炎的危险性增加（OR=2.128,95%CI：1.077～4.206）,但未见增加患哮喘、肺结核、肺气肿、心脏病、肺心病、消化性溃疡、糖尿病、高血压、肾病、肝硬化、慢性肝炎、中耳炎、视神经萎缩、癌症的危险,也未见增加自我感觉身体健康状况不良的危险.结论：该市非吸烟妇女被动吸烟率较高,对被动吸烟危害的认识也较高,被动吸烟对非吸烟妇女健康的影响还需要进行深入的研究.

Objective： To understand the expesure, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of passive smoking among no smoking womeri, and the influence of passive smoking on their health, and to improve their consciousness of the hazard related to passive smoking. Methods： A questionnaire survey was carried out with stratified random sampling among 1000 no smoking women of urban residents elder than or equal to 15 years old. Results： The rate of passive smoking was 81.4% among no smoking women in Chengdu city, the age of the first passive smoking was mainly below ten years old （52.0 % ）, the main passive smoking place was at home or simultaneously at home, at the work place and in vehicles （49.9%）. Passive s,nokers were mainly women who married and beyond 30 years old. 97.0% of no smoking women knew the injurant in fog, 98.2% thought it was doing harm to her health if smoking around her. The rate of women who thought smoker was more susceptible to much phlegm, tracheitis, lung cancer and asthma was 81.4%, 83.4%, 79.9%, 64.4% respectively. 90% disagreed on ＂smoking only effect my health too many years later so I don＇ t care＂ or ＂I will enjoy smaoking whether harmful or not＂, most women actively took measures to avlidpassive smoking, they opened windows when someone were s,noking at home or colleague were smoking, and even dissuaded them from s,noking. 15 diseases probably related to passive smoking were analyzed through conditional logistic regression model, there was no difference between the passive smoking group and no passive smoking group （ P 〉 0.05 ）, hut the group with the dose of passive smoking more than 18 （hours× years） significantly increased the risk of chronic bronchititxms as compared with the group below 18 （hours×years） （OR =2.128, 95% CI： 1.077 - 4.206）. There was no difference in the incidence of other diseases between above two group, such as asthma, phthisis, emphysema, cardiophathy, lung-heart grouble, digestive ulcer, diabetes, hypertension, nephropathy, hepatocirrbosis, chronic hepatitis, tympanitis, optic-herve, cancer and self-thought health status. Conclusions： The rate of passive smoking for non smoking women was high in Chengdu, but their understanding level about the hazard of passive smoking was very high. And the influence of passive smoking on women health need more study.