早产儿喂养不耐受的临床特征分析

Clinical characters of feeding intolerance in premature infants

目的探讨早产儿喂养不耐受的临床特征。方法对本院1994年1月至2002年12月在新生儿病房住院的早产儿进行回顾性的病例分析。结果早产儿喂养不耐受发生的比例为28·5%,出生体重和胎龄越小,其比例越高,极低出生体重儿则达到69·2%。呕吐、腹胀和胃潴留发生的开始时间多在肠道喂养后第1周内。胎龄、出生体重较小的早产儿发生喂养不耐受时以胃潴留和腹胀多见,而较大的早产儿则以呕吐多见。结论在早产儿尤其是极低出生体重儿开始肠道喂养后约1周内容易发生喂养不耐受,应严密监测喂养不耐受的症状。

Objective To describe the clinical characters of feeding intolerance in premature infants. Methods In in our newborn ward this retrospective study, from January 1994 to we analyzed the data of all premature infants hospitalized December 2002. Results The incidence of feeding intolerance was 28.3%, and this increased in low birth weight and small gestational age infants. The incidence was 69.2% in very low birth weight infants （VLBWI）. The symptoms of feeding intolerance, such as gastric residual, vomiting and abdominal distension presented usually in the first week of enteral feeding. The premature infants with smaller gestational age and lower birth weight often presented with gastric residual and abdominal distension, but the larger ones with vomiting. Conclusions We should pay more attention to gastric residual, vomiting and abdominal distension of premature infants, especially, in the first