试论生物对地貌的影响及其方式

The Type of Organic Effects and Impact of Organisms on Geomorpholgy

生物在不同的空间尺度上控制着地貌的发育，但空间尺度不同，生物影响地貌的作用是不相同的。由于生物存在的时空条件的差异性和生命活动形式的多样性，生物可以不同的方式影响地貌发育，这些方式可以分为个体影响和群落影响，直接影响和间接影响，破坏影响和建设影响以及主动影响和被动影响。

Organisms control landform evolution at different scales,but effects of organisms on geomorphology are different in scales.Due to differences of the spatial and temporal conditions of organism existance and the variety of life sfyle of organisms,they exercise impact on geomorphology in various types which can be classified as individual and communal,direct and indirect,destructive and constructive,active and passive effects.These types represent relevant possible ways of influencing landform development.