新城疫病毒的分子生物学及应用研究进展

Study Progress in the Application of Molecular Biological in Newcastle Disease Virus

新城疫是当今全球范围内最严重的家禽传染病,特别是对养鸡业可造成重大经济损失。新城疫病毒是一种负链RNA病毒,含有六个主要蛋白,按顺序3′-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5′排列,其中最主要的糖蛋白是F和HN蛋白,这两个蛋白不仅与病毒的毒力和致病性有关,也是诱导产生保护性抗体的蛋白。许多分子生物学技术已经应用于新城疫的诊断。利用分子生物技术也研究出了很多基因工程疫苗比如基因工程活载体疫苗、亚单位疫苗和DNA疫苗等。近年来反向遗传操作技术的发展,新城疫病毒已经被开发成病毒载体,可以携带外源基因研制新城疫病毒活载体疫苗,表达IBDV和IBV的新城疫活载体疫苗已经研制。

Newcastle disease is a serious illness that primarily affects birds,particularly chickens.The disease is distributed worldwide and can cause severe economic .losses in the poultry industry.The genome of NDV is a nonsegmented,negative-stranded RNA containing six genes in the order of 3-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5.The HN and F glycoproteins are important for virus infectivity and virulence ,and either of these two proteins can induce protective immunity.Molecular biotechnology are widely being used in diagnostic laboratories in Newcastle disease.There is a great deal of interest in the development of recombinant vector,DNA and protein subunit vaccines.The recently developed reverse genetics system to engineer negative-strand RNA viruses has provided a new method to express foreign genes.NDV provides an efficient vector system for the delivery of protective antigens of other avian pathogens,such as those of the IBDV or infectious bronchitis virus.