神经致幻型毒菌黄褐裸盖伞生物学特性及粗毒提取物动物实验

Biological Characteristics and Toxicity Test of the Crude Extract of Wild Sporophores of Psilocybe fasciata,the Psychoactive Mushroom

研究了神经致幻型毒菌黄褐裸盖伞对碳素营养和氮素营养的同化利用情况以及菌丝生长的温度和pH值范围。结果表明,黄褐裸盖伞不能同化利用d-半乳糖、L-山梨糖、L-阿拉伯糖、甘露醇、乳糖和木聚糖,对D-果糖的同化利用能力最强：对干酪素钠的同化能力最强,不能利用尿素和亚硝酸钠；菌丝生长的温度范围是5～40℃,最适25℃；菌丝生长的pH值范围1．5～13．5,最适pH为7．5．野生子实体的粗毒提取物对小白鼠具有一定的毒性,能够使实验动物兴奋,产生的症状与致幻菌中毒症状相似。研究结果对毒菌和毒素的进一步开发利用具有一定的实际意义。

The assimilation of carbon and nitrogen nutrients and the temperature and pH ranges of mycelial growth, and the toxicity test of crude extract of wild fruit body of Psilocybe fasciata, the psychoactive mushroom, were investigated. The results suggested that D-fructose was the best carbon nutrients for mycelial growth of Psilocybe fasciata and d-galactose, L-sorbose, L-arabinose, mannitol, lactose and xylan can not be utilized. Meanwhile, sodium casein can be well used and urea and sodium nitrite can not be assimilated. The temperature range for mycelial growth was 5-40% with 25℃ the best and the range of pH value was 1.5-13.5 with 7.5 the most suitable. The crude extract of wild sporophores of P. fasciata caused psychoactive intoxication of tested mouses.