论“非传统安全”的实质及其伦理向度

On the Essentials and Ethical Dimension of "No-traditional Security"

非传统安全与传统安全是一对既相互联系又相互区别的安全范畴,它们各自的内涵取决于两者所依凭的不同的价值定位与伦理向度。传统安全实质上体现的是一种国家中心主义的伦理向度,非传统安全则主要体现的是全球中心主义的伦理向度。中国作为负责任的发展中大国,正是在适应安全伦理向度的时代转变中,以“顾全本土、优态共存”为安全方略的价值设定,努力为“和谐社会”与“和谐世界”做出自己的重要贡献。

This paper examines and contrasts the concepts of traditional and non-traditional security as overlapping conceptions of security that are respectively decided by the different value systems and ethical dimensions upon which they are based, and shows how China＇s security strategy embraces both concepts. Essentially, traditional security is an ethical dimension of the national culture. It is a mode used to deal with national security challenges by military forces, and it forms a circular path of ＂ war-peace-no sustainable security-new war＂. Traditional security is embodied in national egocentrism, essentially based on whether it helps or is detrimental to the national interests, sovereignty and territorial safety, with good and evil as the fundamental criterion of moral judgment. This traditional security view, which emphasizes the relative interests of the country, gains more benefits and power in the international community for its strength, takes the interests of the country as its value orientation, and maintains the safety of sovereignty and territory as the final goal, will inevitably affect the confidence level and the security sense of all countries. In turn, it will cause each sovereign state to do everything it can to protect its own special interests, and eventually push international relations into a ＂ security dilemma＂ or a ＂ crisis state of confrontation＂. Non-traditional security, by contrast, is mainly centered on global as opposed to national ethical dimensions. It focuses on non-military threats to the survival of freedom. It pays more attention to the issues of ＂peace and development＂ of human society at large. Its value stems from the goal of building a ＂harmonious world＂. In fact, the ethical view of no-traditional security is the embodiment of world centered ethics in the modern society. It is rooted in the human nature and the virtues of benevolence to pray for the peace and security of mankind, the recognition of universal human values, and unity and indivisibility of human interdependence. In seeking to free people from the shackles of the state, it is not state-centered but human centered and views the world as a harmonious whole, thereby highlighting the total ＂class ethics＂ mankind. As a big responsible developing country, China takes ＂Caring for the Security of the Country, Superior Co-existence＂ as the core value of its security strategy in adapting to the changing security and ethical dimensions of modern Chinese and world society. With the security challenges to China＇s territory and territorial waters, and the rising non-traditional security issues, ultimately their solution depends on the combined and overlapping coordination of the traditional security solutions as a precondition, with ＂Caring for the Security of the Country＂ as the foundation for maintaining non-traditional security and ＂Superior Co-existence＂ as the premise of maintaining non-traditional security. Non-traditional security concerns the interests of all mankind, based on social security safety values. These values will be conducive to further strengthening China~ s cooperation with other countries, helping China establish interactive relationships between its security systems, and finally creating a favorable external environment, thus achieving ＂Caring for the Security of the Country＂. ＂Mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation＂ is the only way to safeguard China~ s national security. The complex nature of global and regional security issues objectively demands the strengthening of regional cooperation to ensure security. ＂Caring for the Security of the Country, Superior Co-existence＂ sets the value of China~ s overall security strategy. It has retained a much-needed national ethical point of view, and highlighted the importance of tl^e ethical dimension in the global point of view in the development of the human society, which is beneficial not only for safeguarding China~ s traditional security and non-traditional security, establishing a good image of a responsible major power, but is also conducive to the ＂harmonious world＂. It will eventually achieve the common security and prosperity of all humankind.