毛乌素沙地的形成与治理

The formation and harness of Maowusu desert

毛乌素沙地的历史已有几十万年,它处在年降水量一般在350mm^500mm之间,是森林草原和草原为主的地区。就降水和植被条件而论,该区不是沙漠形成和分布的地区。造成目前类似沙漠景观的最重要的因素是该区砂岩风化产生的大量沙物质条件,其次是较强的风动力条件。根据毛乌素沙地形成的特殊成因分析,提出了治理毛乌素沙地的新思路,即除植树种草之外,更要注意以利用该区以南丰富的黄土物质改良沙地,这能够阻止大气降水通过砂层响深部的快速渗透,能有效增加土壤的持水性,改善土壤水分条件,有利于植物生长和植物固砂,能够加速植被的恢复。由于该区紧邻黄土高原,采取以土盖沙的物质改良方式对解决该区沙漠化问题应当是有效的。

Maowusu desert has been formed for thousands years. It occupies the anna with precipitation of 350mm to 500mm. It is the forest prairie and the prairie primarily region. In terms of precipitation and vegetation, it is not a desert. The important reasons for the desert sight is a great deal of sand and strong wind in this area. According to the analysis of the special cause of formation of Maowusu desert, a new thinking is brought forward to harness Maowusu desert, that is, besides planting trees and grasses, much attention must be paid to using the rich loess matter in the south of this area to improve sand, which can prevent the atmospheric precipitation from filtering to the depth portion through the sand and can effectively increase the soil＇s water retention property to improve soil moisture condition. It is advantageous to the plant growth and fixation of sand. It also can accelerate vegetation＇s restoration. Close to neighbor loess plateau,this area has rich soil matter to cover sand, which is a practical and effective way to solve the problem.