钢质渐开线直齿在不同润滑介质下滚滑磨合磨损的试验研究

Experimental Research on the Running-in Wear of Involute Spur Gears with Skidding under Different Lubricants

将金属切削乳化液、机械油和极压齿轮油分别作为齿轮磨合介质,测试和分析了齿轮磨合振动、磨合油样铁谱、油膜电阻、油液温度以及三维表面形貌,建立了摩擦振动加速度的动力学分析模型,得到了3种润滑介质磨合特性及其测试参数特性,并初步分析了磨合磨损机制。结果表明,以金属切削乳化液为介质时,齿轮磨合时间最长;以矿物机械油和以同粘度极压齿轮油为介质时,齿轮磨合完成时间相当,但以极压齿轮油为介质时磨合磨损更为剧烈。齿轮磨合过程中,振动加速度,直读、分析铁谱参数,油膜电阻和油液温度参数都可以作为磨合是否完成的判断依据。磨合完成后,小齿轮的三维粗糙度略有减小,而大齿轮的三维粗糙度皆增大,大齿轮和小齿轮齿面粗糙度值差使两者磨损率达到相互平衡。磨合阶段的磨损机制非常复杂,同时伴有犁沟、粘着、疲劳、氧化以及润滑磨损等。

Applying cutting emulsion, machinery oil, extreme-press gear oil to the running-in of gear pairs, vibration of the pinion shaft, oil-film resistance, ferrograph, oil temperature and 3D-suIface topography were tested and a dynamic mode of frictional vibration was put forward. The running-in characters of three kinds of oils and the running-in wear mechanisms were analyzed. The results show that the running-in time with cutting emulsion is the longest, and the time with machinery oil is as much as that with extreme-press gear oil, however, the latter wear is severer than the former. The four parameters that are vibration acceleration, oil-film resistance, ferrograph, oil temperature can be used as references to judge whether the running-in wear is finished. After running-in, 3D roughness values of the pinion decrease slightly and that of the wheel increase as the mutual balance of two gear wear rates. The running-in wear mechanisms are very complicated, simultaneously accompanied by plough, adhesive, fatigue, oxidative and lubricated wear, etc.