无定河区域1981-2001年植被生产力和水量平衡对气候变化的响应

Responses of Gross Primary Productivity and Water Balance Components in Wuding River Region,the Eastern Part of the Loess Plateau from 1981 to 2001

基于土壤-植被-大气系统过程模型（VIP模型）和NOAA-AVHRR遥感信息，模拟了1981～2001年黄土高原无定河区域（36-40°N，108-111°E）植被总第一性生产力（GPP）和水量平衡的时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：该研究区域1981-2001年间气候有明显变暖趋势，斜率为0．08℃·a^-1降水量下降，斜率为-3．2mm·a^-1. GPP年总量1998年前呈上升趋势，之后呈下降趋势，平均值为289g·m^-2·a^-1（C），最大值和最小值分别为377g·m^-2·a^-1。（C）（1994年）和143g·m^-2·a^-1。（C）（2001年）。年降水量、蒸散量和径流量随时间都呈下降趋势，且其空间分布有明显的由南向北梯度递减特征。

Based on the Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer model （VIP model） and the NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the gross primary productivity （GPP） and water balance budget in the Wuding River region, the eastern part of Loess Plateau, were simulated to explore their responses to the climate and land use/cover change. The resuhs show that the climate warming was significant with a rate of 0.08℃·a^-1 , and annual precipitation amount decreased with a rate of 3.2 mm · a^-1 from 1981 to 2001. The trend of annual GPP increased before 1998 and decreased after 1998, with a mean value of 291 g · m^-2 · a^-1 （C） and the maximum and the minimum 377 g · m^-2 · a^-1 （C） （1994） and 143 g · m^-2 a^-1 （C） （2001）, respectively. The annual values of precipitation and evapotranspiration show a decreasing trend in this period. On the spatial pattern, GPP and evapotranspiration have similar patterns with precipitation, namely decreasing from south to north. It is concluded that the responses of GPP and water balance in Wuding River region were significant incurred by global change from 1981 to 2001.