重庆三峡库区唐代佛教石刻造像调查报告

SURVEY OF ROCK-CARVED BUDDHIST IMAGES OF THE TANG PERIOD IN THE CHONGQING THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA

重庆三峡库区包括巫山、奉节、云阳、万州、忠县、石柱、丰都、涪陵等十余个县市地区。经考古调查发现，三峡库区唐代佛教石刻造像非常稀有，经数次调查仅发现四处造像地点，其中一处已破坏殆尽，另外三处地点的造像保存状况不佳。不仅如此，在三峡工程完成后，现存的三处唐代佛教石刻造像有两处将被175米的第三期水位淹没（仅一处被切割搬迁至重庆中国三峡博物馆，即原重庆市博物馆内）。2003年4月中旬，笔者对四个地点的造像进行了考古测绘和调查记录。此次调查是以20世纪80年代文物普查材料为线索展开的，原因在于当时的文物普查范围很广，曾深入到了村乡镇的各级单位，被遗漏的可能性较小。目前所知，三峡地区仅在忠县和云阳两县发现有唐代摩崖龛像群，即忠县2处，云阳县2处。具体地点是：忠县忠州镇临江岩和石宝区石佛岩唐代摩崖龛像；云阳县双江镇下岩寺和云安镇大佛头唐代摩崖龛像（图一）。

The Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area covers some dozen counties and cities, including Wushan, Fengjie, Yunyang, Wanzhou, Zhongxian, Shizhu, Fengdu and Fuling. Archaeological survey shows that there remain very rare rock-carved Buddhist images of the Tang period. Tang cliff-side shrines and statues were discovered at four localities： Linjiangyan of Zhongzhou Town and Shifoyan of Shibao District in Zhongxian County, and Xiayansi of Shuangjiang Town and Dafotou of Yun＇ an Town in Yunyang County. These remains are largely of the middle to late Tang period and can be divided into three groups. The first group belongs to the early middle Tang from the Suzong to Shunzong reigns; the second to the late middle Tang from the Xianzong to Xizong reigns; and the third to the time from the late Tang to the final stage of the Dynasty. The statues are usually combined in the five-, seven- and three-image sets though there occurs the double-image set in a few cases. They represent Holy Triad of the West, Sakyamuni, Prabhutaratna Buddha, Maitreya Buddha （including statues of Maitreya Buddha and Crowned Buddha）, Avalokitesvara, etc. On the whole, these works are roughly the same as those recorded in Sichuan both in content and form though they go back to later times.