山东省滨州市地方性氟中毒防治现状调查分析

Survey and Analysis of Control Situation of Endemic Fluorosis in Binzhou City,Shandong Province

目的了解滨州市饮水型地方性氟中毒病区的病情变化趋势。方法采用流行病学调查方法,对惠民、博兴、邹平地方性氟中毒病区水氟及儿童氟斑牙患病率进行了调查。结果未改水病区、改水工程正常病区及改水工程报废病区饮用水含氟量分别为1.00±0.76 mg/L、1.34±1.05 mg/L、2.24±1.21mg/L;改水工程报废病区饮用水含氟量明显高于改水正常病区(t=2.06,P<0.05);改水工程报废病区饮用水含氟量明显高于未改水病区(t=3.00,P<0.01);未改水病区饮用水含氟量与改水工程正常病区有差异,但无统计学意义(t=1.01,P>0.05);改水降氟工程报废的病区儿童氟斑牙患病率为62.87%,缺损率13.12%,改水降氟工程正常运转病区氟斑牙患病率为59.45%,缺损率14.92%,而未改水病区氟斑牙患病率小于30.00%。三类病区儿童氟斑牙患病率经统计学处理显示高度显著性差异(χ2=210.06,P<0.01),改水降氟工程正常运转病区儿童氟斑牙患病率高于未改水病区(χ2=140.61,P<0.01),改水降氟工程报废的病区儿童氟斑牙患病率高于未改水病区(χ2=467.37,P<0.01),改水降氟工程报废的病区儿童氟斑牙患病率高于改水降氟工程正常运转病区,但无统计学意义(χ2=0.99,P>0.25);改水工程报废病区儿童氟斑牙患病情况存在显著差异(χ2=21.04,P<0.01),随着年龄的增长其儿童氟斑牙患病率也有增高的趋势,但无明显相关性(r=0.37,P>0.25)。结论山东省滨州市地方性氟中毒病情仍然较重,防病措施必须加强。

Objective To learn the disease trends and present states of drinking water endemic fluorosis in Binzhou City. Methods Epidemiological investigation was carried out on case rate of drinking water endemic fluorosis and dental fluorosis in Huimin, Boxing and Zouping. Results There was a significant difference in fluoride content in drinking water in epidemic area where defluoridating project was scraped and in epidemic area where drinking water was not improved as compared with that in the epidemic area where defluoridating project was in gear（ P 〈 0.05 ）. And there were significant differences in prevalence rate of dental fluorosis among them （ P 〈 0.01 ）, but there were no relationship between them. Conclusions The measure of improving and defluoridating water must be taken in Binzhou City.