科技竞争理论述评

Technological Competition Theories: a Literature Review

科技竞争理论基本上可以分为四种主要的观点:“主导设计”观点、“科技平台”观点、“科技制度”观点、“网络效应”观点,它们都不能有效地解释科技竞争的过程。与科技竞争有关的主要因素包括:企业的科技优势、企业的补充资产和信誉、企业的应用基础、企业的战略行为;法规制度、网络效应和转换成本、资产专用性、科技领域的特征。前四个属于企业因素,后四个属于环境因素,它们共同影响了科技竞争的结果。科技竞争过程可以分为五个主要的阶段,每个阶段起关键作用的因素都不相同。

All the four basic viewpoints about the technological competition theories, the ＂dominant design＂ viewpoint, the ＂technological platforms＂ viewpoint, the ＂technological institutions＂ viewpoint, and the ＂ network effects＂ viewpoint, cannot effectively explain the process of technological competition. Primary factors relevant to the technological competition include：1） the enterprise factors, such as technical superiority, complementary assets and credibility, installed base, and strategic action, 2） the environmental factors, such as regulation, network effects and switching costs, specialty of funds, characteristics of the technological field.The two kinds of factors together have affected the result of technological competition. Furthermore, the technological competition process may be divided into five main stages, and in each stage the key factors are not all the same.