明代江南民间书坊兴盛的社会背景透析

Social Background of the Publishing Houses in South China in Ming Dynasty

明代江南民间书坊的勃兴有着深刻的社会背景:政治统治由明初的严酷到中后期的逐步松弛,为民间书坊提供了较为宽松的发展空间;江南城市经济的繁荣为市民的物质生活、阅读文化需求与满足提供可能;社会文化思潮的转向,文人与书商热衷于通俗文学作品创作,迎合了市民社会的需求,成为民间书坊勃兴的助推剂;与出版业相关的轮班制的废除及印刷业、造纸业的技艺提高为民间书坊的发展提供了直接的技术支持;江南地区独特的地域环境、浓厚的人文意蕴也促成了民间书坊的勃兴。

There was a profound social background associated with the booming of folk publishing house in the South of Yangtze River in Ming dynasty. First, the political environment, which was very stiff in the beginning period of Ming dynasty, was becoming looser, and this provided relatively good environment for the development of folk publishing house. Second, the prosperity of urban economy in the South of Yangtze River made it possible to meet the material as well as reading demands from the urban people. Thirdly, the turn of social thoughts and the enthusiastic working of popular literature by those educated people and publishers became the prompting factors of the prosperity of publishing house. Fourthly, the abolishment of rotation system relevant with publishing and the improvement of printing and papermaking technology provided direct technical support for the development of publishing house. Last, the unique geographic-environment and strong humanistic deposit characterized by the South of Yangtze River also help the progress of folk publishing house.