试论贾谊仁政思想的哲学基础

Philosophical Basis of Jia Yi's Idea of Benevolent Policy

西汉初年的思想家贾谊在吸取前人思想、总结秦朝灭亡的教训以及分析现实社会矛盾的基础之上,阐发了以民为本的仁政思想。他认为施仁义、行博爱才是治国之本,统治者应该用贤爱民、重本抑末、慎用刑罚才会天下大治。他认为人的道德品质不是生而俱有,而是“教习然也”,是由后天环境影响和学习所造成的,因此主张通过以礼为主的后天教育,来使人性向好的方向发展,才有利于国家的兴盛。贾谊政治思想中蕴含的哲学理念对其政治主张有着重要影响。

Jia Yi is a great thinker and philosopher of the West Han Dynasty. He expresses the idea of benevolent policy through inheriting the ideas of ancient philosophers and drawing lessons from the collapse of the Qin Dynasty and pondering on practical conflicts. Jia Yi＇s idea of benevolent policy is based on two philosophical theories,one is his theory of human nature and the other is to take the people as the basis. He believes benevolent and universal love is the basis of administering a country. The ruler should appoint virtuous persons,love his people,and adopt a prudent policy on penal code. In his opinion, the moral of a person is not by nature,but is shaped by environments and study in the life. So,he advocates that human nature turn towards health orientation through late study, which has benefited on prosperity of the nation. The philosophy of his political ideas affects his political position.