4～5岁学龄前儿童血铅与行为问题关系的研究

The study on the relationship between the blood lead and behavior problems in the preschool children aged 4～5 years old.

目的：了解珠海市4—5岁学龄前儿童血铅水平及行为问题的现况，探讨铅中毒对4—5岁学龄前儿童行为问题的影响。方法：采用末梢血对珠海市3所幼儿园427名4—5岁儿童进行血铅水平测定，同时采用Aehenbaeh（CBCL）量表对儿童行为进行评估。以血铅水平100μg／L为界，分为高血铅（≥100μg／L）和低血铅（〈100μg/L）两组。男童CBCL总粗分t〉42分，女童CBCL总粗分t〉45分即判定其有行为问题。结果：珠海市4—5岁儿童血铅均值为（65.02±49.35）μg／L，血铅≥100μg/L的检出率为28、13％，儿童行为问题总检出率为16．52％。高血铅组CBCL总粗分（29．24±18．49）明显高于低血铅组（22．17±15．22）（P〈0．01）。行为问题检出率高血铅组为24．20％，低血铅组为11、60％，差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）。男童高血铅组与低血铅组行为问题检出率分别为26．98％和12．42％，差异有极显著性（P〈0．01），女童高血铅组与低血铅组行为问题检出率分别为19．44％、10．78％，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。男童高血铅组违纪因子检出率显著高于低血铅组（P〈0．05），女童高血铅组攻击因子检出率高于低血铅组，差异有显著性（P〈0、05）。结论：铅中毒与学龄前儿童行为问题有密切关系，男童铅中毒较女童铅中毒更易出现行为问题。建议对有行为问题的学龄前儿童常规开展血铅筛查。

Objective： To investigate the status of the blood lead and behavior problems in the preschool children aged 4 -5 years old and the effects of children leading poisoning on the childreng behavior. Methods： 427 preschool children aged 4 - 5 years old were selected from 3 kindergartens in Zhuhai. Blood lead was measured and behavior problems were evaluated by Achenbach （CBCL） assessment. Children were divided into 2 groups by the blood lead beyond or below 100 μg/L （ high blood lead group and low blood lead group） . Behavior problems were defined while the total score of CBCL beyond 42 in boys and beyond 45 in girls. Results ： The mean value of blood lead was （65. 02 ±49. 35） μg/L, the prevalence of blood lead beyond 100 μg/L was 28. 13%. The prevalence of behavior problem was 16. 52%. The average CBCL total score in high blood lead group （29. 24 ± 18. 49） was significantly higher than that of the low blood lead group （22. 17 ±15. 22） （P〈O. 01）. The prevalence of the behavior problem in the high blood lead group （24. 2% ） was much higher than that of the low blood lead group （ 11. 60% ） （ P 〈 O. 01 ）. The prevalence of behavior problem in high blood lead group of boys （26. 98% ） was significantly higher than that of the low blood lead group （ 12. 42% ） （P 〈 0.01）. The prevalence of behavior problem was similar between the two groups in the girls （P 〉0. 05）. The prevalence of the behavior of disobey was significantly higher in the high blood lead group than that of the low blood lead group in the boys （ P 〈 0.05）. The prevalence of attack was much higher in the high blood lead group than that of the low blood lead group in the girls （ P 〈0. 05 ） . Conclusion： Children lead poisoning is closely related to their behavior problems. Contrasts with the girls, the boys are prone to have behavior problems when they are exposing to the lead. It is necessary to evaluate the blood lead in the children when they have behavior problems.