小型西瓜不同生长发育期对氮、磷、钾的吸收及分配

Absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in mini watermelon in different growth stages

选择2个小型西瓜品种红小玉和黄小玉,研究了植株的干物质积累和氮、磷、钾的吸收、分配规律。结果表明:营养体生长阶段,小型西瓜植株的干物质主要在叶中积累。抽蔓期、第一雌花期和500 g果实膨大期是植株干物质积累较大的时期,在这一时期应增施肥料来满足植株快速增长的需要。西瓜苗期对氮、磷、钾的吸收很少,随着植株的生长逐渐增多,氮的吸收高峰期出现在第一雌花期和500 g果实膨大期。坐果后对磷的吸收增多,开花结果后对钾的吸收较多。西瓜植株对氮、磷、钾的分配在结果前主要用于叶的发育,其次是茎的生长,坐果后,逐渐转向果实的发育。

The experiment took two varieties of mini watermelon Hong Xiaoyu and Huang Xiaoyu as material. In this study, dry matter accumulation, absorption and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were discussed. The results showed that dry matter accumulation was concentrated in the leaves in the vegetative growth stage. The greater stages of dry matter accumulation were vining stage, first pistillate flowering and 500g fruit expanding. It should take more fertilizer to meet the needs of plant growth during these stages. Watermelon absorbed mini N, P, K during the seedling stage but it gradually took more with the developmcnt of plant.The highest absorption of N happened in the first pistillate flowering and 500g fruit expanding.The plant gradually absorbed more P after setting and took more K during flowering and fruiting stagcs.N,P,K primarily contributed to the development of leaves and they also supported the growth of stems before fruiting. After setting N, P, K were gradually concentrated in the fruits.