1Grenvik A,Schaefer JJ,DeVita MA,et al.New aspects on critical care mendicin training[J].Curr Opin Crit Care,2004,10 (4):233-237.
2Safar P,Grenvik A.Critical care medicine organization and physician education[J].Anesthesiology,1977,47 (1):82-95.
3Leape LL,Berwick DM,Bates DW.What practices will most improve safety? Evidence-based medicine meet patient safety[J].JAMA,2002,288 (4):501-507.
4Schwid HA,O'Donnell D.Anesthsiologists management of simulated critical incidents[J].Anesthesiology,1992,76 (3):495-501.
5Holzman RS,Cooper JB,Gaba DM,et al.Anesthesia crisis resourse management:real life simulation training in operating room crises[J].J Clin Ansth,1995,8 (4):675-687.
6Schaefer J,Dongilli T,Gornzalez R.Systematic training and evaluation of anesthesiology residents using the ASA difficult airway algorithm and realistic dynamic difficult airway simulation[J].Anesthesiology,1996,85 (suppl):3A.
7DeVita MA,Schaefer JJ,lutz J,et al.Improving medical crisis team performance[J].Crit Care Med,2004,32 (suppl):S61-S65.
3Michels P, Gravenstein D, Weatenskow DR. An integrated graphic display improves detection and identification of critical events during anesthesia. J Clin Monit, 1997, 13: 249-259.
4Philip JH. GAS MAN-an example of goal oriented computer-assisted teaching which results in learning. Int J Clin Monit Comput, 1986,69:387-394.
5Byrne AJ, Greaves .JD. Assessment instruments used during anaesthetic simulation: Review of published studies. BrJ Anaesth,2001,86:445-450.
6Ohrn MA, Van Oostrom JH, Van Meurs WL. A comparison of traditional textbook and interactive computer learning of neuromuscular block. Anesth Analg, 1997,84:657-661.
7Schwid HA, O'Donnell D. The Anesthesia Simulator Consultant: simulation plus expert system. Anesth Rev, 1993,20:185-189.
8Buck Gh. Development of simulators in medical education. Gesnerus,1991, 48 pt1: 7-28.
9Gaba DM. Simulator training in anesthesia growing rapidly: CAE model born at Stanford. J Clin Monit, 1996, 12: 195-198.
10Eulino TY, Good ML Simulator training in anesthesia growing rapidly:Loral model born in Florida. J Clin Monit, 1997, 13: 53-57.
