大动物腭裂模型的建立及其牵张整复研究

Surgical Establishment of Cleft Palate Model in Big Animal and Application of Distraction Osteogenesis

目的探讨外科方法建立大动物腭裂模型的解剖基础及其稳定性,以及牵张成骨术整复其硬腭部骨质缺损治疗腭裂的价值。方法20只家猫中,18只采用外科手术方法切除一侧硬腭0.8cm×2.5cm软硬组织并延长至软腭内约1.5cm,形成口鼻腔组织洞穿缺损,建立人工腭裂实验模型。腭裂实验模型中,3只为实验对照组,笼养6周后取材观察腭裂缺损畸形稳定性;实验组15只,应用新设计的牵张成骨术,以每次0.4mm的速度,每日2次的频率和恒定的方向整复其腭部软硬组织缺损,至裂隙完全封闭。术后第2、4、6、8及12周分5批处死动物,每批3只,观察缺损区及牵张间隙区组织整复情况。另设空白对照组2只,进行对比。结果建立的腭裂实验动物模型畸形症状类似人腭裂临床表现,且6周后无自行修复。牵张成骨术后12周,缺损区为骨运送盘移行封闭,且牵张间隙为原位新生骨组织修复。结论外科方法建立大动物腭裂实验动物模型,稳定性高,畸形特征典型,具有很好的治疗方法学研究应用价值。

Objective To explore stability of surgically established Cleft Palate （CP） experimental model in big animal （eat） and its basic anatomical characters. Newly designed Distraction Osteogenesis （DO） technique being adopted for correction of CP deformity to evaluate the efficacy of the animal model in therapeutic study. Methods 18 eats were applied to establish the CP animal model by means of surgical resection of an 0.8 cm × 2.5 em rectangular shaped bone unilaterally on hard bone shelf and extended about 1,5cm into the soft palate in axial direction. 15 eats were then carried out DO procedure at the rhythm of 0.4 mm× 2/day to correct the CP oronasal penetrated defect, each 3 animals were executed and specimens were retrieved at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks respectively. Another 3 eats used as experimental control were executed at 6 weeks without any treatment to observe the defect symptom and compare with the blank control group （2 eats） on the stability of the CP deformity. Results Typical CP symptoms were observed in surgically established CP model and no spontaneous repairing actions were observed throughout 6 weeks in the experimental control group. Meanwhile, in experimental group, the CP defects in hard palate were eventually corrected by DO procedure and new bone formation in situ were observed in distraction gap. Conclusion The surgically established CP animal model was sound for CP therapeutical purpose study for its efficacy and economic quality.