生活事件与大学生焦虑状况的相关性

Correlation of life events and anxiety state in university students

目的:调查分析生活中的主要事件对大学生焦虑状况的影响。方法:于2005-10抽样调查河南大学360名在校大学生。采用状态-特质焦虑量表、生活事件调查问卷和自拟学生家庭基本情况问卷进行测评。状态-特质焦虑量表包括分别测定状态焦虑和特质焦虑的自评问卷量表,各由20个问题构成,采用5级量表评分制。生活事件调查问卷共27道题目,由人际关系、学习压力、丧失、健康适应、受惩罚和其他6个因子构成,采用4级量表评分制,其内部一致性为0.85,重测信度为0.69,分半信度为0.88。结果:发放问卷387份,回收合格问卷360份,有效率为93%。①不同专业的大学生间状态焦虑比较,文科大学生高于理科,差异极其显著(54.42±9.44,51.22±10.33,t=2.892,P=0.004),在性别、家庭、年级维度上,大学生的状态-特质焦虑差异不显著。②在生活事件问卷中,学习压力因子的平均得分最高,其次是人际关系因子、丧失因子、健康适应因子、其他因素因子和受惩罚因子。人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚因子、健康适应和其他因素因子与状态焦虑和特质焦虑存在着极其显著的正相关(r=0.219,0.279,0.138,0.304,0.304,0.246,0.317,0.191,0.328,0.328,P<0.01)。③生活事件和状态-特质焦虑的回归分析结果表明,对状态焦虑的预测以健康适应因子最佳,达9.2%解释量,其次为学习压力解释2.2%、受惩罚因子解释2.4%、其他因素解释1.4%;对特质焦虑的预测以其他影响因素的最佳,达11.4%解释量,其次为学习压力3.3%、受惩罚因子1.8%、健康适应因子1.6%。结论:生活事件和焦虑正相关,学习压力和人际关系因素是影响大学生焦虑的主要生活事件。

AIM： To explore the influence of major life events on anxiety state in the daily life in college students. METHODS： In October 2005, a sampling survey was conducted in 360 Henan university students, who were assessed with the state-trait anxiety inventory （STAI）, the life incident questionnaire and self-designed family condition questionnaire. The state-trait anxiety inventory consisted of state anxiety inventory and trait anxiety inventory, 20 questions in each part, and each item was used by 5-degree scoring standard. The life incident questionnaire had 27 items, consisted of interpersonal relationships factor, study force factor, loss factor, health adaptation factor, punish factor and other factor, each item was used by 4-degree scoring standard. Its internal consistency reliability was 0.85, test-retest reliability was 0.69, and splithalf reliability was 0.88. RESULTS： The study provided 387 questionnaires, retrieved 360 quali- fied questionnaire, and the effective rate was 93%. ①There were significant differences in the scores of state anxiety on the different specialities, the liberal-arts university students＇ state anxiety was obviously higher than that of the science university students （54.42±9.44, 51.22±10.33, t=2.892, P=0.004）, but sexual distinction, family different and grade difference were no significant differences.②At the life incident questionnaire, study force factor was the highest average score, next in order were interpersonal relationships, loss, health adaptation, other factors and punish factor. The factor scores of interpersonal relationships, study force, punish, health adaptation and other factors had obviously positive correlation with （STAI） （r=0.219, 0.279, 0.138, 0.304, 0.304, 0.246, 0.317, 0.191, 0.328, 0.328, P 〈 0.01）. ③The results of regression analysis of the life incident questionnaire and STAI showed that the state anxiety was well predicted of the health adaptation for 9.2 %, then study force for 2.2%, punish for 2.4%, other factors for 1.4%, and the trait anxiety was well predicted of the other factors for 11.4%, then study force for 3.3%, punish for 1.8%, health adaptation for 1.6%. CONCLUSION： There is positive correlation between the life events and anxiety, and study force factor and interpersonal relationships factor are the important life events influencing the anxiety of college students.